Slide 1RAJ KUMAR GOEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYGHAZIABAD INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PRESENTATIONONBharat Heavy Electricals LimitedRanipur, Haridwar ( Uttrakhand )DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGSubmitted To :Mr. XYZSubmitted By :ABCRoll No.ME 4th Year1ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I acknowledge all those whose guidance and encouragement has made successful in winding up this opus. I take this opportunity to express my deep and sincere gratitude to our department staff that have been kind enough to spare their valuable time, on which I had no claims. Their guidance and motivation conceived a direction in me and made the report a success. I would like to thanks all faculty & staff members & Dept. Head Mr. Ravi Shankar Prasad of Mechanical Engineering department of Raj Kumar Goel Institute Of Technology , Ghaziabad. Who give me lot of inspiration and skills to complete this Report successfully.TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION OF B.H.E.L OVERVIEW OF THE ENTERPRISE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICYSTEAM TURBINES USEDTYPES OF STEAM TURBINEMANUFACTURING PROCESSBLOCK-3 LAYOUTBLADE SHOP TYPES OF BLADEOPERATIONS PERFORMED ON BLADESACHIEVED DURING THE TRAININGREFERENCESINTRODUCTION OF BHELBharat Heavy Electricals Limited (B.H.E.L.) is the largest engineering and manufacturing enterprise in India.Established in 1960s under the Indo-Soviet Agreements of 1959 and 1960 in the area of Scientific, Technical and Industrial Cooperation.BHEL has its setup spread all over India namely New Delhi, Gurgaon, Haridwar, Rudrapur, Jhansi, Bhopal, Hyderabad, Jagdishpur , Tiruchirapalli, Bangalore and many more.Over 65% of power generated in India comes from BHEL-supplied equipment. Overall it has installed power equipment for over 90,000 MW.BHEL has already attained ISO 9000 certification for quality management, and ISO14001 certification for environment management. It is one of India's nine largest Public Sector Undertakings or PSUs, known as the NAVRATNAS or The Nine Jewels.OVERVIEW OF THE ENTERPRISEBHEL is the largest engineering and manufacturing enterprise in India in the energy & infrastructure sector today. BHEL was established more than 40 years ago when its first plant was setup in Bhopal in the indigenous Heavy Electrical Equipment Industry in India a dream which has been more than realized with a well recognized track record of performance it has been earning profits continuously since1971-72. BHEL caters to core sectors of the Indian Economy viz., Power Generation's & Transmission, Industry, Transportation, Telecommunication, Renewable Energy, Defense, etc. The wide network of BHEL's 14 manufacturing division, 4 power Sector regional centers, over 150 project sites, 8 service centers and 18 regional offices, enables the Company to promptly serve its customers and provide them with suitable products, systems and services efficiently and at competitive prices. BHEL has already attained ISO-9000 Certification for quality management, and ISO-14001 Certification for environment management. The companys inherent potential coupled with its strong performance make this one of the NAVRATNAS, which is supported by the government in their endeavor to become future global players.OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICYCompliance with applicable Legislation and Regulations. Setting objectives and targets to eliminate/control/minimize risks due to Occupational and Safety Hazards.Appropriate structured training of employees on Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) aspects.Formulation and maintenance of OH&S Management programs for continual improvement.Periodic review of OH&S Management System to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness.Communication of OH&S Policy to all employees and interested parties.The major units of BHEL have already acquired ISO-14001 Environmental Management System Certification, and other units are in advanced stages of acquiring the same.STEAM TURBINESA turbine is a device that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy, specifically when a rotor of multiple blades or vanes is driven by the movement of a fluid or gas. In the case of a steam turbine, the pressure and flow of newly condensed steam rapidly turns the rotor. This movement is possible because the water to steam conversion results in a rapidly expanding gas. As the turbines rotor turns, the rotating shaft can work to accomplish numerous applications, often electricity generation.IMPULSE TURBINEREACTION TURBINEIMPULSE TURBINE :The principle of the impulse steam turbine consists of a casing containing stationary steam nozzles and a rotor with moving or rotating buckets. The steam passes through the stationary nozzles and is directed at high velocity against rotor buckets causing the rotor to rotate at high speed.The following events take place in the nozzles :1. The steam pressure decreases.2. The enthalpy of the steam decreases.3. The steam velocity increases.4. The volume of the steam increases.Types of STEAM TURBINESPRINCIPLE OF IMPULSE TURBINE :If steam at high pressure is allowed to expand through stationary nozzles, the result will be a drop in the steam pressure and an increase in steam velocity. In fact, the steam will issue from the nozzle in the form of a high-speed jet. If this high steam is applied to a properly shaped turbine blade, it will change in direction due to the shape of the blade. The effect of this change in direction of the steam flow will be to produce an impulse force, on the blade causing it to move. If the blade is attached to the rotor of a turbine, then the rotor will revolve. Force applied to the blade is developed by causing the steam to change direction of flow (Newtons 2nd Law change of momentum). The change of momentum produces the impulse force, which rotates the turbine blades.REACTION TURBINE :A reaction turbine has rows of fixed blades alternating with rows of moving blades. The steam expands first in the stationary or fixed blades where it gains some velocity as it drops in pressure. It then enters the moving blades where its direction of flow is changed thus producing an impulse force on the moving blades. In addition, however, the steam upon passing through the moving blades again expands and further drops in pressure giving a reaction force to the blades. This sequence is repeated as the steam passes through additional rows of fixed and moving blades.MANUFACTURING PROCESSPRIMARY SHAPING PROCESSSECONDARY MACHINING PROCESSPRIMARY SHAPING PROCESSPrimary shaping processes are manufacturing of a product from an amorphous material. Some processes produces finish products or articles into its usual form whereas others do not, and require further working to finish component to the desired shape and size. The parts produced through these processes may or may not require to undergo further operations. Some of the important primary shaping processes are: Casting Powder metallurgy Plastic technology Gas cutting Bending and ForgingSECONDARY MACHINING PROCESSAs large number of components require further processing after the primary processes. These components are subjected to one or more number of machining operations in machine shops, to obtain the desired shape and dimensional accuracy on flat and cylindrical jobs. The process of removing the undesired or unwanted material from the work-piece or job or component to produce a required shape using a cutting tool is known as machining. This can be done by a manual process or by using a machine called machine tool (traditional machines namely lathe, milling machine, drilling, shaper, planner, slotter).Some of the common secondary or machining processes are:TurningThreadingKnurlingMillingDrillingBoringPlanningShapingBLOCK 3 LAY-OUTBLADE SHOPBlade shop is an important shop of Block 3. Blades of all the stages of turbine are made in this shop only. They have a variety of centre lathe and CNC machines to perform the complete operation of blades. The designs of the blades are sent to the shop and the Respective job is distributed to the operators. Operators perform their job in a fixed interval of time.TYPES OF BLADEBasically the design of blades is classified according to the stages of turbine. The size of LP TURBINE BLADES is generally greater than that of HP TURBINE BLADES. At the first T1, T2, T3 & T4 kinds of blades were used, these were 2nd generation blades. Then it was replaced by TX, BDS (for HP TURBINE) & F shaped blades. The most modern blades are F & Z shaped blades.OPERATIONS PERFORMED ON BLADESSome of the important operations performed on blade manufacturing are:-MillingBlank CuttingGrinding of both the surfacesCuttingRoot millingACHIEVED DURING THE TRAININGGone through rigorous 4 Weeks training under the guidance of capable engineers and workers of BHEL Haridwar in Block-3 TURBINE MANUFACTURING headed by Senior Engineer of department Mr. ALOK SHUKLA situated in Ranipur, Haridwar,(Uttarakhand). The training was specified under the Turbine Manufacturing Department. Working under the department I came to know about the basic grinding, scaling and machining processes which was shown on heavy to medium machines. Duty lathes were planted in the same line where the specified work was undertaken. The training brought to my knowledge the various machining and fabrication processes went not only in the manufacturing of blades but other parts of the turbine.REFERENCES:WikipediaFigures from manufacturing data web page BHEL.com.GoogleReport maintained during training.THANK YOU